I read up a bit on this back in the summer when Anton floated the idea in the WaPo. The use of [or] here is based on a really poor accounting of the 1866 debate. The general implication that the Amendment drafters never imagined birthright citizenship applying to non-African Americans is incorrect. Amendment critics at the time noted that, as written, the Amendment would allow for the naturalization of Asians, "Gypsies," and other 'undesirables.' Johnson even vetoed the preliminary bill partly on this basis. In overriding the veto and drafting and defending the Amendment, the drafters answered this charge basically with a, 'yeah, we know.' Subsequent debates about 'jurisdiction' and allegiance are clearly referring to Native Americans. This interpretation of the original intent of the drafters was of course confirmed by SCOTUS.
I'm just a simple post-1945 historian, and do my best to avoid 19th century legal and legislative history. But I think the work of Martha Jones and Garrett Epps is worth reading for anyone who wants to take this debate seriously. Also, this 2006
essay by James Ho is very well sourced straight back to the Congressional debates (Ho is a federal judge and fervent originalist that was on a SCOTUS appointment shortlist).
It's perfectly defensible to argue that Congress got the 14th Amendment wrong, and that SCOTUS was wrong with
Wong Kim Ark, and that current circumstances make the Amendment impractical or outdated. There are mechanisms for dealing with that. But trying to get around that process (of amending the Constitution to limit birthright citizenship) requires bad history via errors of omission and commission.