I don't know that I am qualified enough to speak to them with any authority. It's a complicated situation with tons of factors. It doesn't boil down to "institutional racism" IMO, but race relations between police and the black community is certain a factor. Other factors would include officers not actually being a part of the community they police, staffing rates in many police covering large geographical distances resulting in cops not walking beats anymore, insufficient training in de-escalation techniques, insufficient training on the use of force spectrum, media sensationalism, agencies investigating their own officer involved shootings criminally leading to a lack of trust, problems with the lack transparency in law enforcement (often required by law).