I would guess a realtor or realestate atty would best be able to answer this, and it may depend heavily on locale. For me, however the more isolated the better, with natural hills (places to build a range into the natural landscape), few to no homes close by, no covenants on the property that would affect this, out of city limits, may have state and county codes to deal with anyway, etc. Things you would initially guess are possibly important. If this is just for you and it's use is quite limited, I don' know if regulations would apply, but nontheless, you might want to attend to "EPA Best Management Practices for Lead at Outdoor Shooting Ranges" as you and yours would / could be affected by lead not just now but well into the future.
Not sure what all a new gun range has to go through to get permits, etc. to open, but I'm guessing it is extensive. I know texas parks and wildlife dept is encouraging range developments, but commercial, as well as shooting sports organizations/ in fact I think I hear of a grant to help do so.
In Texas, I live fairly remotely on a ranch, and I have mine set up on the back side of a very large dam, so have a big natural backstop. We don't shoot all the time though, to it's not a problem with the few neighbors we have. I get a good 100 yd shot for sighting in rifles, and shorter distances for pistol work.